Egg prices are rising again as a lingering outbreak of bird flu coincides with the high demand of the holiday baking season.

But prices are still far from the peak they reached almost two years ago. And the American Egg Board, a trade group, says egg shortages at grocery stores have been isolated and temporary so far.

“Those are being rapidly corrected, sometimes within a day,” said Emily Metz, the Egg Board’s president and CEO.

The average price for a dozen eggs in U.S. cities was $3.37 in October, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. That was down slightly from September and down significantly from January 2023, when the average price soared to $4.82. But it was up 63% from October 2023, when a dozen eggs cost an average of $2.07.

Sometimes, supermarkets may be to blame for price spikes. During testimony in August in the Federal Trade Commission’s case seeking to block Kroger’s merger with Albertsons, Kroger’s senior director for pricing acknowledged that the company has raised the cost of milk and eggs beyond the levels of inflation.

Metz said the egg industry sees its top demand in November and December for holiday meals.

Avian influenza is the main reason for the higher prices. The current bird flu outbreak that began in February 2022 has led to the slaughter of more than 111 million birds, mostly egg-laying chickens. Anytime the virus is found, every bird on a farm is killed to limit the spread.

More than 6 million birds have been slaughtered this month because of bird flu. They were a relatively small part of the total U.S. egg-laying flock of 377 million chickens. Still, the flock is down about 3% over the past year, contributing to a 4% drop in egg production, according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture.

The latest wave of bird flu hit supplies of cage-free eggs because California has been among the hardest-hit states. California, Nevada, Washington and Oregon all require eggs sold in their states to be cage-free.

“We’re having to move eggs from other areas of the country that are producing cage-free to cover that low supply in those states, because those states only allow for cage-free eggs to be sold,” Metz said.

Cage-free requirements go into effect in Arizona, Colorado and Michigan next year and in Rhode Island and Utah in 2030.

Demand for such specialty eggs may also be contributing to avian flu, which is spread through the droppings of wild birds as they migrate past farms. Allowing chickens to roam puts them at greater risk, said Chad Hart, a professor and agricultural economist at Iowa State University.

“It’s really hard to control that interaction between domesticated birds and wild birds,” Hart said.

Metz said climate change, wildfires and extreme weather blow some wild birds off course.

“Those birds are now circulating in areas that they otherwise might not circulate,” she said.