WASHINGTON — President Donald J. Trump put force behind his central campaign pledge to toughen immigration enforcement, signing orders Wednesday to start construction of a border wall, expand authority to deport thousands, increase the number of detention cells and punish cities and states that refuse to cooperate.

Some of the actions could cost billions of dollars and will require help from a Republican-led Congress friendly toward Trump's immigration agenda. Others will invite lawsuits from an army of opponents. In total, they represent a major shift in the nation's approach to migration and an early indication that Trump plans to boldly reshape government as he promised during the campaign.

In a recorded address televised nationally, Mexico's President Enrique Pena Nieto responded: “I regret and reject the decision of the U.S. to build the wall.”

Pena Nieto did not address reports that he was considering canceling next week's visit to Washington following Trump's order to begin construction.

Trump, in office less than a week, has shown few signs of letting up on his vow to dramatically limit the flow of people from other nations. In addition to Wednesday's two orders, he is considering a flurry of others that would temporarily ban all new refugees and narrow the openings for people traveling from Muslim-dominated countries.

“A nation without borders is not a nation,” Trump said to employees at the Department of Homeland Security. “Beginning today, the United States of America gets back control of its borders.”

The most immediate impact of Trump's actions might be a vast increase in the number of people subject to detention and deportation.

Trump's order calls for an expansion of detention facilities holding asylum seekers and others awaiting immigration hearings.

It would end so-called catch-and-release practices that allow those migrants to remain at large if there is overcrowding or if they are mothers with children or unaccompanied minors, or face a credible fear of persecution from their home countries.

Trump's orders would also put a greater emphasis on deporting not only those convicted of crimes, but also people in the country illegally who were charged with crimes not yet adjudicated, those who receive an improper welfare benefit and even those who have not been charged but are believed to have committed “acts that constitute a chargeable criminal offense.”

“The day is over when they can stay in our country and wreak havoc,” Trump said. “We are going to get them out and we're going to get them out fast.”

Immigration rights groups and politicians representing liberal localities known as sanctuary cities and states vowed resistance — in Congress, in local legislative bodies and in court — inviting what is likely to be years of litigation.

“Directing a deportation force to break up immigrant families contributing to our country is not a show of strength,” Sen. Kamala Harris, Democrat of California, said.

“It damages our communities and erodes local economies.”

Harris said Trump has used his first days in office to target the “voiceless and vulnerable.”

California alone receives as much as $105 billion a year in federal dollars, though it's unclear how much of that money would be put in jeopardy as a result of Trump's orders, which give power to the attorney general and homeland security secretary to withhold grant money.

The most likely targets are money for equipment, prisoner detention and officer training.

The need for more money to fund Trump's agenda will ensure Congress continues to play a role and could delay implementing some of his measures, including the hiring of 5,000 more border agents, which would bring the total to 26,000, and 10,000 immigration officers, tripling their ranks to 15,000.

While Congress seems likely to approve spending on agents and holding cells, Trump's border wall — his signature campaign promise — could be a tougher sell.

He directed federal workers to start construction, allowing Homeland Security to redirect about $175 million already set aside for upgrading Border Patrol buildings and adding new equipment.

But a wall all along the 2,000-mile-long border that Trump has called for would cost billions.