LAS VEGAS — New TVs are coming with an alphabet soup of features designed to get you to spend more.

There’s OLED and 4K, with a dash of HDR. How about QLED and QDEF? Samsung, LG and other TV manufacturers are showcasing new models at the CES gadget show in Las Vegas this week.

Here’s how to translate the tangle into plain English.

HD, 4K, 8K: High definition has 1,920 pixels across and 1,080 vertically. UltraHD, or 4K, has twice as many in both directions — 3,840 across and 2,160 vertically. 8K, primarily promoted by Sharp, offers 7,680 pixels across and 4,320 down. 8K sets are mostly for show for now.

The choice between 4K and HD is still a real debate. It all depends on how far away you’ll sit from your TV and how big it is.

OLED: Organic light-emitting diodes. Diodes are circuit elements that can emit light; OLEDs do so using a layer of material based on carbon. Sets using OLEDs, primarily made by LG, tend to be pricey because these screens are difficult to produce.

Pixels are self-illuminating and can thus be shut off individually. That means images can have truly black areas — rather than just very dark.

But OLEDs aren’t as bright and can suffer “burn-in.”

MicroLED: Micro light-emitting diodes. Just as with OLEDs, sets with MicroLEDs have self-illuminating pixels, but the material used is slightly different and isn’t organic. Samsung says MicroLEDs are brighter than OLEDs and offer the same benefits, without burn-in.

HDR and HDR10: High dynamic range using 10 “bits” to represent color gradations. HDR aims to include both the brightest bright parts and the darkest dark parts without letting either dominate the image.

Video needs to be streamed in HDR format to see the improvements.

Dolby Vision and HDR10+: Dolby pushes the color envelope further using 12 bits of color depth to offer 69 billion color variations. Video also comes with hidden instructions for compatible TV sets to calibrate HDR frame by frame. By contrast, standard HDR and HDR10 offer one setting for the entire video, which may not reflect what’s best for each scene.

There’s no TV set yet able to handle the 12-bit range, just some that use a 10-bit version of Dolby Vision. Samsung developed something called HDR10+ that offers frame-by-frame HDR but sticks to 10 bits. It’s an open standard, one supported by such major brands as Amazon, Panasonic and 20th Century Fox.

Quantum dots, QLED, QDEF: Quantum dots are tiny particles that emit sharp colors based on their particular size. Because the size can be finely tuned, the colors can be very accurate. Also, because they give off color, there’s no more need for filters — at least that’s the promise. While Samsung calls its version QLED, it doesn’t mean it uses OLED screens. Rather, Samsung’s QLED sets are backlit by standard LEDs. QDEF is Hisense’s version.