A funny thing about summer: It is long. It is also hot. This one comes in the middle of a pandemic.

And even in a changed and changing world, I have reserved some mental energy for panicking about how my kids, husband and I will make it to September without everyone’s brains turning into Haribo gummies. On a recent rainy Saturday, we baked banana bread and played games. We made lunch together, built a cardboard lantern and learned about the constellations. It was exhausting. And they still put down two Disney movies. Three months into school closures, my children have watched every show. There are no shows left.

And yet, working from home with small children, an ordeal and a privilege, has been de rigueur since agrarianism got going. Parents managed it for thousands of years — without day care, compulsory schooling or camps. What did children used to do all day? Short answer: They worked and they played, often with minimal adult supervision.

Unfortunately, as Steven Mintz, author of “Huck’s Raft: A History of American Childhood,” told me, “The pandemic has exaggerated and intensified the worst features of children’s play today: adult intrusion; the decline of physical, outdoor and social play; and mediation by screens.”

So, how do we adults ameliorate that while staying safe, employed and reasonably sane? Here are some ideas.

Go old school. Very old.

In an email, Mintz, a history professor at the University of Texas at Austin, pointed to Pieter Bruegel the Elder’s 1560 painting “Children’s Games.” A canvas to give social distancing enforcers nightmares, it shows 100 or so Flemish youths disporting themselves with hoops, stilts, bubbles, marbles, the occasional pig bladder and the wholesome fun of beating one another with a scourge. The Flemish parents are elsewhere, presumably answering emails or cracking open a brown ale.

The painting suggests that a lot of play is social, a difficulty in a pandemic. But it also insists that the desire for play is innate and that children will find ways to amuse themselves, especially if you can supply some rudimentary toys: kites, cards, blocks, dolls, balls, paper boats and paper airplanes, a garden hose if you have one, a half-filled tub. If they have a safe space to play outside and you can work from your phone while they do it, even better.

This may also be a good time to get away from the idea that play should be educational or STEM-enhancing. “All play is productive,” Mintz said. “They will learn something from whatever they do.”

Embrace boredom

Still, children may not want to play on their own or with a sibling, and you may have conference calls or Twitter threads that beckon. Which means they will claim boredom, and more than likely, they will whine about it. What should you do? Nothing.

Feeling that we ought to keep kids happy and entertained is a comparatively modern mindset. Instead of trying to prevent boredom, maybe welcome it and see what children do. Tom Hodgkinson, author of “The Idle Parent,” suggested ramping up slowly with an hour or so of “nothing time” every day — maybe less, if your children are very young. If they resist, he suggested doubling down on tedium — reading “Paradise Lost” or screening an Andrei Tarkovsky film — so that they end up doing something else.

“You could try boring them with your games so they invent something better,” he advised. “Be a really boring mom.”

A DIY approach

to culture

Normally around this time of year, my desktop and actual desk are littered with notes about outdoor theaters, concerts in the park and art installations that might hold a child’s attention for 10 whole minutes. Now my calendar looks like new-fallen snow.

If you can’t take your kids to cultural events, have your kids bring culture to you. “Be like Louisa May Alcott,” Mintz suggested. The March girls of “Little Women” don’t spend a ton of time lobbying for more “My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic” episodes. Instead, they make up fantasy plays, write newspapers, craft costumes, stage their own circus and act out stories from Dickens’ “The Pickwick Papers.” Their efforts may be painful, but the 20 minutes your children spend preparing a deeply revisionist “Frozen 2” is 20 minutes you can spend doing something else.

Two words: Free labor

Housework can also become a form of play and, depending on how well your children do it, may be some help. In the 19th century, Hodgkinson said, “children were seen as not necessarily a burden on the household but a welcome labor force.”

“The thing to remember is that kids want to help, so try to get them in the habit of doing some of those things,” said Lenore Skenazy, president of Let Grow, a nonprofit promoting childhood independence. “A 3-year-old separating laundry is quite possible and also quite fun. Six-year-olds can be making breakfast.” So, yes, children can cook, and they can clean. If you can take a few extra minutes to gamify the chore, they may even enjoy it.

Muddle through

A pandemic isn’t forever. Probably. So if it’s easier, leave historical practice aside, give guilt the vacation that you can’t take, and get through it. “Don’t think that there’s something wrong with you or that you haven’t been the perfect camp counselor and made it a fun and exciting and rewarding summer for everyone,” Skenazy said. “I mean, just give yourself a break.”

If that break involves a lot of screens, remember that new entertainment forms and technologies — from the written word on — have always attracted suspicion that they will pulp or corrupt young minds. And most of us have turned out OK, no matter how many “Smurfs” episodes we may have once absorbed. Video games provide an opportunity to socialize; a streamed musical is still a musical.

In general, find out what your children like to do and encourage them to do it. Or go with the obverse: When you have time available, make them do stuff you like. In my case, that means playing board games and watching toy theater videos on YouTube, plus the occasional Hayao Miyazaki movie. Or the more than occasional one.

“Just let them watch a lot of films,” Hodgkinson said. “It’s temporary; it’s not forever. We really shouldn’t be too hard on ourselves.”